English definition of Silicon

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Definition of silicon

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Silicon (n.) A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free state, usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common quartz, and in this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element of the earth's crust. Silicon is characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon is of the organic world. Symbol Si. A

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Siliciureted :: Siliciureted (a.) Combined or impregnated with silicon.

Quadrivalent :: Quadrivalent (a.) Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are quadrivalent elements..

Ekasilicon :: Ekasilicon (n.) The name of a hypothetical element predicted and afterwards discovered and named germanium; -- so called because it was a missing analogue of the silicon group. See Germanium, and cf. Ekabor..

Unisilicate :: Unisilicate (n.) A salt of orthosilicic acid, H4SiO4; -- so called because the ratio of the oxygen atoms united to the basic metals and silicon respectively is 1:1; for example, Mg2SiO4 or 2MgO.SiO2..

Zirconium :: Zirconium (n.) A rare element of the carbon-silicon group, intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, obtained from the mineral zircon as a dark sooty powder, or as a gray metallic crystalline substance. Symbol Zr. Atomic weight, 90.4..

Fluorine :: Fluorine (n.) A non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, or associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen group of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined, is very active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most elements, and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared nor kept in glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the containing material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It is a pungent, corrosive, colorles

Basilicon :: Basilicon (n.) An ointment composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard, or other fatty substance..

Fluosilicate :: Fluosilicate (n.) A double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element or radical, regarded as a salt of fluosilicic acid; -- called also silicofluoride..

Protosilicate :: Protosilicate (n.) A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule..

Germanium :: Germanium (n.) A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3..

Quartz :: Quartz (n.) A form of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2), occurring in hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless and transparent, but sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and of other colors; also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in color and degree of transparency, being sometimes opaque..

Silicify :: Silicify (v. t.) To convert into, or to impregnate with, silica, or with the compounds of silicon..

Silicated :: Silicated (a.) Combined or impregnated with silicon or silica; as, silicated hydrogen; silicated rocks..

Silicotungstic :: Silicotungstic (a.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of double acids of silicon and tungsten, known in the free state, and also in their salts (called silicotungstates)..

Fluosilicic :: Fluosilicic (a.) Composed of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine..

Silicide :: Silicide (n.) A binary compound of silicon, or one regarded as binary..

Hydrofluosilicic :: Hydrofluosilicic (a.) Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric..

Silicic :: Silicic (a.) Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, silica; specifically, designating compounds of silicon; as, silicic acid..

Multivalent :: Multivalent (a.) Having a valence greater than one, as silicon..

Silicon :: Silicon (n.) A nonmetalic element analogous to carbon. It always occurs combined in nature, and is artificially obtained in the free state, usually as a dark brown amorphous powder, or as a dark crystalline substance with a meetallic luster. Its oxide is silica, or common quartz, and in this form, or as silicates, it is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element of the earth's crust. Silicon is characteristically the element of the mineral kingdom, as carbon is of the organic world. Symbol Si. A