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Vertebra :: Vertebra (n.) One of the central ossicles in each joint of the arms of an ophiuran.

Vertebrata :: Vertebrata (n. pl.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, comprising all animals that have a backbone composed of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae, together with Amphioxus in which the backbone is represented by a simple undivided notochord. The Vertebrata always have a dorsal, or neural, cavity above the notochord or backbone, and a ventral, or visceral, cavity below it. The subdivisions or classes of Vertebrata are Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces, Marsipobranchia, and Lep

Zygapophysis :: Zygapophysis (n.) One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra..

Gnathostoma :: Gnathostoma (n. pl.) A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them..

Sauropsida :: Sauropsida (n. pl.) A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising the reptiles and birds..

Allantoidea :: Allantoidea (n. pl.) The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals..

Meniscus :: Meniscus (n.) An interarticular synovial cartilage or membrane; esp., one of the intervertebral synovial disks in some parts of the vertebral column of birds..

Odontornithes :: Odontornithes (n. pl.) A group of Mesozoic birds having the jaws armed with teeth, as in most other vertebrates. They have been divided into three orders: Odontolcae, Odontotormae, and Saururae..

Epicentral :: Epicentral (a.) Arising from the centrum of a vertebra.

Hemoglobin :: Hemoglobin (n.) The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called haematoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called haematocrystallin. See Blood crystal, under Blood..

Cirrostomi :: Cirrostomi (n. pl.) The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See Amphioxus.

Aves :: Aves (n. pl.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.

Chordata :: Chordata (n. pl.) A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous cord..

Myotome :: Myotome (n.) One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the protovertebrae; also, one of the protovertebrae themselves..

Gizzard :: Gizzard (n.) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals.

Ocellus :: Ocellus (n.) A little eye; a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.

Subspinous :: Subspinous (a.) Subvertebral.

Homologous :: Homologous (a.) Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are homologous that correspond in their structural relations, that is, in their relations to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates..

Bone :: Bone (n.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone..

Backboned :: Backboned (a.) Vertebrate.

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