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Trenton Period :: Trenton period () A subdivision in the lower Silurian system of America; -- so named from Trenton Falls, in New York. The rocks are mostly limestones, and the period is divided into the Trenton, Utica, and Cincinnati epochs. See the Chart of Geology..

Lime :: Lime (n.) Oxide of calcium; the white or gray, caustic substance, usually called quicklime, obtained by calcining limestone or shells, the heat driving off carbon dioxide and leaving lime. It develops great heat when treated with water, forming slacked lime, and is an essential ingredient of cement, plastering, mortar, etc..

Cement :: Cement (n.) A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden under water..

Effloresce :: Effloresce (v. i.) To become covered with a whitish crust or light crystallization, from a slow chemical change between some of the ingredients of the matter covered and an acid proceeding commonly from an external source; as, the walls of limestone caverns sometimes effloresce with nitrate of calcium in consequence of the action in consequence of nitric acid formed in the atmosphere..

Cliff Limestone :: Cliff limestone () A series of limestone strata found in Ohio and farther west, presenting bluffs along the rivers and valleys, formerly supposed to be of one formation, but now known to be partly Silurian and partly Devonian..

Septarium :: Septarium (n.) A flattened concretionary nodule, usually of limestone, intersected within by cracks which are often filled with calcite, barite, or other minerals..

Kiln :: Kiln (n.) A large stove or oven; a furnace of brick or stone, or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, or drying anything; as, a kiln for baking or hardening earthen vessels; a kiln for drying grain, meal, lumber, etc.; a kiln for calcining limestone..

Chalk :: Chalk (n.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color, consisting of calcium carbonate, and having the same composition as common limestone..

Stalactite :: Stalactite (n.) A pendent cone or cylinder of calcium carbonate resembling an icicle in form and mode of attachment. Stalactites are found depending from the roof or sides of caverns, and are produced by deposition from waters which have percolated through, and partially dissolved, the overlying limestone rocks..

Ferrocalcite :: Ferrocalcite (n.) Limestone containing a large percentage of iron carbonate, and hence turning brown on exposure..

Coralline :: Coralline (a.) Composed of corallines; as, coralline limestone..

Lithography :: Lithography (n.) The art or process of putting designs or writing, with a greasy material, on stone, and of producing printed impressions therefrom. The process depends, in the main, upon the antipathy between grease and water, which prevents a printing ink containing oil from adhering to wetted parts of the stone not covered by the design. See Lithographic limestone, under Lithographic..

Carbonate :: Carbonate (n.) A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc..

Granuliform :: Granuliform (a.) Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone..

Nitrocalcite :: Nitrocalcite (n.) Nitrate of calcium, a substance having a grayish white color, occuring in efforescences on old walls, and in limestone caves, especially where there exists decaying animal matter..

Dolomite :: Dolomite (n.) A mineral consisting of the carbonate of lime and magnesia in varying proportions. It occurs in distinct crystals, and in extensive beds as a compact limestone, often crystalline granular, either white or clouded. It includes much of the common white marble. Also called bitter spar..

Purbeck Beds :: Purbeck beds () The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone, belonging to the Oolitic group. See the Chart of Geology..

Eozoonal :: Eozoonal (a.) Pertaining to the eozoon; containing eozoons; as, eozoonal limestone..

Stock :: Stock (n.) An irregular metalliferous mass filling a large cavity in a rock formation, as a stock of lead ore deposited in limestone..

Calcite :: Calcite (n.) Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also calc-spar and calcareous spar..

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