English definition of Carbon

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Definition of carbon

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Carbon (n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or t

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Hexylene :: Hexylene (n.) A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also hexene..

Carboxyl :: Carboxyl (n.) The complex radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also oxatyl..

Stonily :: Stonewort (n.) Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called because they are often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See Chara.

Eikosylene :: Eikosylene (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal..

Labyrinthodonta :: Labyrinthodonta (n. pl.) An extinct order of Amphibia, including the typical genus Labyrinthodon, and many other allied forms, from the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic formations. By recent writers they are divided into two or more orders. See Stegocephala..

Ethane :: Ethane (n.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl..

Spermaceti :: Spermaceti (n.) A white waxy substance obtained from cavities in the head of the sperm whale, and used making candles, oilments, cosmetics, etc. It consists essentially of ethereal salts of palmitic acid with ethal and other hydrocarbon bases. The substance of spermaceti after the removal of certain impurities is sometimes called cetin..

Cymene :: Cymene (n.) A colorless, liquid, combustible hydrocarbon, CH3.C6H4.C3H7, of pleasant odor, obtained from oil of cumin, oil of caraway, carvacrol, camphor, etc.; -- called also paracymene, and formerly camphogen..

Sherbet :: Sherbet (n.) A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; -- called also sherbet powder..

Carbonade :: Carbonade (n.) Alt. of Carbonad.

Sulphonic :: Sulphone (n.) Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones, and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH/)/.SO/..

Percarbide :: Percarbide (n.) A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon.

Butane :: Butane (n.) An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series..

Cast Iron :: Cast iron () Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc..

Olefine :: Olefine (n.) Olefiant gas, or ethylene; hence, by extension, any one of the series of unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is a type. See Ethylene..

Carbonadoing :: Carbonadoing (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Carbonad.

Eikosane :: Eikosane (n.) A solid hydrocarbon, C20H42, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum..

Barilla :: Barilla (n.) The alkali produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes..

Saleratus :: Saleratus (n.) Aerated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under Sodium.) It is largely used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingredient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks..

Cerussite :: Cerussite (n.) Native lead carbonate; a mineral occurring in colorless, white, or yellowish transparent crystals, with an adamantine, also massive and compact..