English definition of Carbon

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Definition of carbon

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Carbon (n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or t

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Retinol :: Retinol (n.) A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in printer's ink..

Hydrocarbonate :: Hydrocarbonate (n.) A hydrocarbon.

#NAME? :: -one () A termination indicating that the hydrocarbon to the name of which it is affixed belongs to the fourth series of hydrocarbons, or the third series of unsaturated hydrocarbonsl as, nonone..

Animal :: Animal (n.) An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity..

Magnesia :: Magnesia (n.) A light earthy white substance, consisting of magnesium oxide, and obtained by heating magnesium hydrate or carbonate, or by burning magnesium. It has a slightly alkaline reaction, and is used in medicine as a mild antacid laxative. See Magnesium..

Dimorphism :: Dimorphism (n.) Crystallization in two independent forms of the same chemical compound, as of calcium carbonate as calcite and aragonite..

Cyanogen :: Cyanogen (n.) A colorless, inflammable, poisonous gas, C2N2, with a peach-blossom odor, so called from its tendency to form blue compounds; obtained by heating ammonium oxalate, mercuric cyanide, etc. It is obtained in combination, forming an alkaline cyanide when nitrogen or a nitrogenous compound is strongly ignited with carbon and soda or potash. It conducts itself like a member of the halogen group of elements, and shows a tendency to form complex compounds. The name is also applied to the u

Tetryl :: Tetryl (n.) Butyl; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule.

Conodont :: Conodont (n.) A peculiar toothlike fossil of many forms, found especially in carboniferous rocks. Such fossils are supposed by some to be the teeth of marsipobranch fishes, but they are probably the jaws of annelids..

Allomorph :: Allomorph (n.) Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same substance; or the substance having such forms; -- as, carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite..

Sandix :: Sandix (n.) A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium..

Is- :: Is- () Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane..

Limestone :: Limestone (n.) A rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. It sometimes contains also magnesium carbonate, and is then called magnesian or dolomitic limestone. Crystalline limestone is called marble..

Hepar :: Hepar (n.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (/)..

Sequoiene :: Sequoiene (n.) A hydrocarbon (C13H10) obtained in white fluorescent crystals, in the distillation products of the needles of the California big tree (Sequoia gigantea)..

Recarbonize :: Recarbonize (v. t.) To restore carbon to; as, to recarbonize iron in converting it into steel..

Toluene :: Toluene (n.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc..

Hydrocarbonaceous :: Hydrocarbonaceous (a.) Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons..

Split :: Split (v. t.) To divide or separate into components; -- often used with up; as, to split up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid..

#NAME? :: -ine () A suffix, used to indicate hydrocarbons of the second degree of unsaturation; i. e., members of the acetyline series; as, hexine, heptine, etc..