English definition of Carbon

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Definition of carbon

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Carbon (n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or t

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Carbonyl :: Carbonyl (n.) The radical (CO)'', occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc..

Decyl :: Decyl (n.) A hydrocarbon radical, C10H21, never existing alone, but regarded as the characteristic constituent of a number of compounds of the paraffin series..

Benzine :: Benzine (n.) A liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also petroleum spirit, petroleum benzine. Varieties or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin, etc..

Lepidodendron :: Lepidodendron (n.) A genus of fossil trees of the Devonian and Carboniferous ages, having the exterior marked with scars, mostly in quincunx order, produced by the separation of the leafstalks..

Chrysene :: Chrysene (n.) One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to naphthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, C18H12, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities..

Calcite :: Calcite (n.) Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also calc-spar and calcareous spar..

Extractive :: Extractive (n.) Any one of a large class of substances obtained by extraction, and consisting largely of nitrogenous hydrocarbons, such as xanthin, hypoxanthin, and creatin extractives from muscle tissue..

Bismuthyl :: Bismuthyl (n.) Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy mineral of a dull white or yellowish color..

Carbonate :: Carbonate (n.) A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc..

Amyl :: Amyl (n.) A hydrocarbon radical, C5H11, of the paraffine series found in amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc..

Cuddy :: Cuddy (n.) The coalfish (Pollachius carbonarius).

Carbazotic :: Carbazotic (a.) Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen..

Quindecone :: Quindecone (n.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C15H26, of the valylene series, produced artificially as an oily liquid..

Fluoranthene :: Fluoranthene (n.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon C/H/, of a complex structure, found as one ingrdient of the higher boiling portion of coal tar..

Spermaceti :: Spermaceti (n.) A white waxy substance obtained from cavities in the head of the sperm whale, and used making candles, oilments, cosmetics, etc. It consists essentially of ethereal salts of palmitic acid with ethal and other hydrocarbon bases. The substance of spermaceti after the removal of certain impurities is sometimes called cetin..

Erythrogen :: Erythrogen (n.) Carbon disulphide; -- so called from certain red compounds which it produces in combination with other substances.

Pisolite :: Pisolite (n.) A variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also peastone, peagrit..

Argentine :: Argentine (n.) A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure..

Eikosylene :: Eikosylene (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal..

Stalactite :: Stalactite (n.) A pendent cone or cylinder of calcium carbonate resembling an icicle in form and mode of attachment. Stalactites are found depending from the roof or sides of caverns, and are produced by deposition from waters which have percolated through, and partially dissolved, the overlying limestone rocks..