English definition of Carbon

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Definition of carbon

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Carbon (n.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or t

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Calciferous :: Calciferous (a.) Bearing, producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime..

Ethane :: Ethane (n.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl..

Sulphinic :: Sulphine (n.) Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances having a peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine, (CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium..

Dopplerite :: Dopplerite (n.) A brownish black native hydrocarbon occurring in elastic or jellylike masses.

Fluoranthene :: Fluoranthene (n.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon C/H/, of a complex structure, found as one ingrdient of the higher boiling portion of coal tar..

Is- :: Is- () Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; -- contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane..

Tropaeolin :: Tropaeolin (n.) A name given to any one of a series of orange-red dyestuffs produced artificially from certain complex sulphonic acid derivatives of azo and diazo hydrocarbons of the aromatic series; -- so called because of the general resemblance to the shades of nasturtium (Tropaeolum).

Tartar :: Tartar (n.) A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc..

Anthracene :: Anthracene (n.) A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin..

Methylene :: Methylene (n.) A hydrocarbon radical, CH2, not known in the free state, but regarded as an essential residue and component of certain derivatives of methane; as, methylene bromide, CH2Br2; -- formerly called also methene..

Xyletic :: Xyletic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance by the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol..

Tolylene :: Tolylene (n.) A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic of certain toluene derivatives..

Pentane :: Pentane (n.) Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule..

Acetyl :: Acetyl (n.) A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid..

Brunswick Green :: Brunswick green () An oxychloride of copper, used as a green pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed..

Sandix :: Sandix (n.) A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium..

Phosphonic :: Phosphonic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid..

Tetradecane :: Tetradecane (n.) A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule..

Hydromagnesite :: Hydromagnesite (n.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early, amorphous masses..

Naphthyl :: Naphthyl (n.) A hydrocarbon radical regarded as the essential residue of naphthalene.