English definition of Distillation

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Definition of distillation

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Distillation (n.) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam..

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Fractionate :: Fractionate (v. t.) To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the distillation of liquids..

Sebacic :: Sebacic (a.) Of or pertaining to fat; derived from, or resembling, fat; specifically, designating an acid (formerly called also sebic, and pyroleic, acid), obtained by the distillation or saponification of certain oils (as castor oil) as a white crystalline substance..

Naphthalene :: Naphthalene (n.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, C10H8, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also naphthaline..

Dunder :: Dunder (n.) The lees or dregs of cane juice, used in the distillation of rum..

Ether :: Ether (n.) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anaesthetic. Called also ethyl oxide..

Pyrosulphuric :: Pyrosulphuric (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration..

Rectify :: Rectify (v. t.) To refine or purify by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser; as, to rectify spirit of wine..

Pyrolignic :: Pyrolignic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, the acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting essentially of impure acetic acid..

Extract :: Extract (v. t.) To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6..

Anthracene :: Anthracene (n.) A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin..

Sequoiene :: Sequoiene (n.) A hydrocarbon (C13H10) obtained in white fluorescent crystals, in the distillation products of the needles of the California big tree (Sequoia gigantea)..

Undecylenic :: Undecylenic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid C11H20O2, homologous with acrylic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of castor oil..

Distillment :: Distillment (n.) Distillation; the substance obtained by distillation.

Distill :: Distill (n. & v) To practice the art of distillation.

Tar :: Tar (n.) A thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of wood, coal, etc., and having a varied composition according to the temperature and material employed in obtaining it..

Petroleum :: Petroleum (n.) Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc..

Gasoline :: Gasoline (n.) A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor..

Pelican :: Pelican (n.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation.

Isoprene :: Isoprene (n.) An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or guttaipercha..

Oxyphenol :: Oxyphenol (n.) A phenol, /////, produced by the distillation of catechin; called also oxyphenic acid, and now pyrocatechin..