English definition of Distillation

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Definition of distillation

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Distillation (n.) The separation of the volatile parts of a substance from the more fixed; specifically, the operation of driving off gas or vapor from volatile liquids or solids, by heat in a retort or still, and the condensation of the products as far as possible by a cool receiver, alembic, or condenser; rectification; vaporization; condensation; as, the distillation of illuminating gas and coal, of alcohol from sour mash, or of boric acid in steam..

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Extract :: Extract (v. t.) To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6..

Styrone :: Styrolene (n.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene..

Distillate :: Distillate (n.) The product of distillation; as, the distillate from molasses..

Cosmoline :: Cosmoline (n.) A substance obtained from the residues of the distillation of petroleum, essentially the same as vaseline, but of somewhat stiffer consistency, and consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffines; a kind of petroleum jelly..

Oleone :: Oleone (n.) An oily liquid, obtained by distillation of calcium oleate, and probably consisting of the ketone of oleic acid..

Isoprene :: Isoprene (n.) An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or guttaipercha..

Adopter :: Adopter (n.) A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters..

Cohobate :: Cohobate (v. t.) To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter remaining in the vessel..

Paraxylene :: Paraxylene (n.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene..

Pyrocitric :: Pyrocitric (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the distillation of citric acid, and called respectively citraconic, itaconic, and mesaconic acid..

Suberose :: Suberone (n.) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant peppermint odor. It is obtained by the distillation of calcium suberate..

Teraconic :: Teraconic (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the distillation of terebic acid, and homologous with citraconic acid..

Cucurbite :: Cucurbite (n.) A vessel or flask for distillation, used with, or forming part of, an alembic; a matrass; -- originally in the shape of a gourd, with a wide mouth. See Alembic..

Hexone :: Hexone (n.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C6H8, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums..

Pyrosulphuric :: Pyrosulphuric (a.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid called also disulphuric acid) obtained by distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo, in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration..

Pelican :: Pelican (n.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and redistillation.

Benzene :: Benzene (n.) A volatile, very inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum..

Distiller :: Distiller (n.) One who distills; esp., one who extracts alcoholic liquors by distillation..

Stearoptene :: Stearone (n.) The ketone of stearic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, (C17H35)2.CO, by the distillation of calcium stearate..

Cerotene :: Cerotene (n.) A white waxy solid obtained from Chinese wax, and by the distillation of cerotin..