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Vulcanization :: Vulcanization (n.) The act or process of imparting to caoutchouc, gutta-percha, or the like, greater elasticity, durability, or hardness by heating with sulphur under pressure..

Spinel :: Spinelle (n.) A mineral occuring in octahedrons of great hardness and various colors, as red, green, blue, brown, and black, the red variety being the gem spinel ruby. It consist essentially of alumina and magnesia, but commonly contains iron and sometimes also chromium..

Phosphor-bronze :: Phosphor-bronze (n.) A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin..

Sclerometer :: Sclerometer (n.) An instrument for determining with accuracy the degree of hardness of a mineral.

Solidity :: Solidity (n.) The state or quality of being solid; density; consistency, -- opposed to fluidity; compactness; fullness of matter, -- opposed to openness or hollowness; strength; soundness, -- opposed to weakness or instability; the primary quality or affection of matter by which its particles exclude or resist all others; hardness; massiveness..

Durometer :: Durometer (n.) An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like..

Petrify :: Petrify (v. i.) To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits..

Obduration :: Obduration (n.) A hardening of the heart; hardness of heart.

Softness :: Softness (n.) The quality or state of being soft; -- opposed to hardness, and used in the various specific senses of the adjective..

Tungsten :: Tungsten (n.) A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18..

Petrifaction :: Petrifaction (n.) The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness..

Crustiness :: Crustiness (n.) The state or quality of having crust or being like crust; hardness.

Hardness :: Hardness (n.) The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively..

Iridosmium :: Iridosmium (n.) The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens..

Rigor :: Rigor (n.) The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness.

Disthene :: Disthene (n.) Cyanite or kyanite; -- so called in allusion to its unequal hardness in two different directions. See Cyanite.

Grain :: Grain (n.) The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain..

Sear :: Sear (a.) To burn (the surface of) to dryness and hardness; to cauterize; to expose to a degree of heat such as changes the color or the hardness and texture of the surface; to scorch; to make callous; as, to sear the skin or flesh. Also used figuratively..

Hardness :: Hardness (n.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes..

Temper :: Temper (v. t.) To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel..

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