English definition of Glucoside

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Definition of glucoside

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Glucoside (n.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the natur

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Scillain :: Scillain (n.) A glucoside extracted from squill (Scilla) as a light porous substance.

Isodulcite :: Isodulcite (n.) A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (ductile, mannite, etc.) and the glucoses..

Urechitin :: Urechitin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the leaves of a certain plant (Urechitis suberecta) as a bitter white crystalline substance.

Sinalbin :: Sinalbin (n.) A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard (Brassica alba, formerly Sinapis alba), and extracted as a white crystalline substance..

Xylostein :: Xylostein (n.) A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance..

Hesperidin :: Hesperidin (n.) A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance..

Coniferin :: Coniferin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the cambium layer of coniferous trees as a white crystalline substance.

Carmine :: Carmine (n.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid..

Cathartin :: Cathartin (n.) The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; -- called also cathartic acid, and cathartina..

Sinigrin :: Sinigrin (n.) A glucoside found in the seeds of black mustard (Brassica nigra, formerly Sinapis nigra) It resembles sinalbin, and consists of a potassium salt of myronic acid..

Rutin :: Rutin (n.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition..

Amygdalin :: Amygdalin (n.) A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white, crystalline substance..

Convallamarin :: Convallamarin (n.) A white, crystalline, poisonous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the lily of the valley (Convallaria Majalis). Its taste is first bitter, then sweet..

Helleborin :: Helleborin (n.) A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin..

Lupinin :: Lupinin (n.) A glucoside found in the seeds of several species of lupine, and extracted as a yellowish white crystalline substance..

Chrysophane :: Chrysophane (n.) A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition..

Quercitrin :: Quercitrin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called quercitron..

Myronic :: Myronic (a.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mustard; -- used specifically to designate a glucoside called myronic acid, found in mustard seed..

Vernonin :: Vernonin (n.) A glucoside extracted from the root of a South African plant of the genus Vernonia, as a deliquescent powder, and used as a mild heart tonic..

Parillin :: Parillin (n.) A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin..