English definition of Hydrogen

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Definition of hydrogen

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Hydrogen (n.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very

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Oxyhydrogen :: Oxyhydrogen (a.) Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas..

Pentatomic :: Pentatomic (a.) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution.

Carbohydrate :: Carbohydrate (n.) One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6..

Alkalamide :: Alkalamide (n.) One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or radicals..

Hydrate :: Hydrate (n.) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime..

Acetone :: Acetone (n.) A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime..

Mercurammonium :: Mercurammonium (n.) A radical regarded as derived from ammonium by the substitution of mercury for a portion of the hydrogen.

Compound :: Compound (n.) A union of two or more ingredients in definite proportions by weight, so combined as to form a distinct substance; as, water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen..

Metathesis :: Metathesis (n.) The act, process, or result of exchange, substitution, or replacement of atoms and radicals; thus, by metathesis an acid gives up all or part of its hydrogen, takes on an equivalent amount of a metal or base, and forms a salt..

Dehydrogenate :: Dehydrogenate (v. t.) To deprive of, or free from, hydrogen..

Hydrosulphide :: Hydrosulphide (n.) One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans..

Oxidize :: Oxidize (v. t.) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde..

Hydrosulphureted :: Hydrosulphureted (a.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

Biacid :: Biacid (a.) Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See Diacid.

Zircofluoride :: Zircofluoride (n.) A double fluoride of zirconium and hydrogen, or some other positive element or radical; as, zircofluoride of sodium..

Hydrogenating :: Hydrogenating (p. pr. & vb. n.) of Hydrogenat.

Seleniureted :: Seleniureted (a.) Combined with selenium as in a selenide; as, seleniureted hydrogen..

Equivalence :: Equivalence (n.) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See Valence..

Polyacid :: Polyacid (a.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid bases..

Aniline :: Aniline (n.) An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made..